3 Step Ladder Safety Program: Step 1

Identifying your requirements

One ladder is rarely suitable for all jobs. The first "STEP" in ladder safety is selecting the correct ladder for the task at hand by answering the following questions:

  • What TYPE of ladder do I need (i.e. is a step or extension ladder required)?
  • What SIZE of ladder is required to perform the task?
  • What MATERIAL of construction do I need (i.e. what material should my ladder be made from)?
  • What DUTY RATING do I need (i.e. how much weight will the ladder need to support)?


Straight/Extension Ladders

Straight and extension ladders require support at both top and bottom. They are very versatile and available in a variety of sizes ranging from 16 to 60 feet in length.

Extension Ladder Safety Notes

  • If you will be working from the ladder, never stand higher than the third rung from the top.
  • If you are climbing off the ladder at the top, never extend the ladder less than 3', nor more than 4' above the upper support point.

Select the correct SIZE Extension Ladder for your needs.

Step Ladders

Step ladders are designed to be self-supporting, and come in a variety of styles, and sizes ranging from 2 to 16 feet in length, and are in most cases designed to be used by one person at a time.

Trestle and 2-way step ladders can be climbed from either side, or support one person on each side.

Platform step ladders provide a large standing area which is more comfortable and safer to work from at fixed heights.

Step Ladder Safety Notes

  • Never stand on the top, or the first step from the top, of a step ladder
  • Never climb a closed step ladder leaning for support against anything.

Choose the correct SIZE step ladder for your needs.

Combination Ladders

Combination ladders are very versatile, and can often be configured in several different positions, each best suited to a particular task. Most models can be used as a straight, 2-way step, scaffold, or stairway ladder. Their compact nature allows for easy storage and transport. They are available in several sizes and styles including telescopic, articulating and multi-way.


The following charts will allow you to determine the length of ladder you will require.

  1. Measure from the ground to the highest point you wish to access.
  2. Using the measurement from step one, consult the following chart for the right size ladder for your needs:
Step Size Max. Standing Ht. Approx. Max. Work Ht.*
4' 1'11" 8'
5' 2'10" 9'
6' 3'9" 10'
7' 4'9" 11'
8' 5'8" 12'
10' 7'7" 14'
12' 9'6" 16'
14' 11'5" 18'
16' 13'4" 20'**
Ext. Size Max. Standing Ht. Approx. Max. Work Ht.*
16' 12'6" 9'6"
20' 16'6" 13'6"
24' 20' 17'
28' 24' 21'
32' 28' 24'
36' 31' 28'
40' 33'6" 30'6"
44' 37'6" 34'6"
48' 41' 38'6"
60'*** 46'6" 43'6"

*Assumes 5'6" person with 6'6" reach
**Consider scaffolding
*** Three section ladder

The 1:4 Rule

The feet of a straight or extension ladder should be set at a point one foot horizontally outward from the upper support, for every four feet of vertical distance between the ladder feet and the upper support point.

Each Featherlite extension, straight, and combination ladder is equipped with a label similar to this, to assist in set-up. With the ladder set up correctly (approx. 76° from horizontal), the long leg of the “L” will appear vertical.


Ladders are made from a number of materials, each having its own characteristics.

Aluminum

The most common material of construction.

  • Designed to meet specific load requirements.
  • Comparatively light weight.
  • Moisture and corrosion resistant.
  • Conducts heat and electricity and should not be used where these conditions exist.

Fibreglass

An “engineered” material consisting of continuous strands of high-strength glass fibres and mats encapsulated in a resin matrix.

  • Pultruded to form I-beam or channel shapes designed to meet specific load requirements
  • Non-conductor of heat and electricity
  • Joined with aluminum rungs/steps for maximum strength to weight ratio
  • Moisture and corrosion resistant

Wood

A natural material, most popular prior to introduction of aluminum and fibreglass ladders.

  • As a natural material, subject to variations in strength and other mechanical properties
  • Heavier than aluminum or fibreglass ladders
  • Non-conductor of heat and electricity when clean and dry
  • Has a tendency to splinter, rot, warp, and absorb moisture

Steel

  • Designed to meet specific load requirements and easily assembled by welding
  • Conducts heat and electricity and should not be used in areas where these conditions exist
  • Susceptible to rust and corrosion


When selecting a duty rating adequate for your needs, you MUST allow for the combined weights of: The user + clothes + tools + material.

The maximum load rating of the selected ladder should NEVER be exceeded.

Duty Rating Chart

Max. Load Capacity Rated Use CSA ANSI
200 lbs. Light-Duty Household
Designed for infrequent household chores, cleaning, painting, etc.
Grade 3 Type III
225 lbs. Medium-Duty Commercial
Designed for moderate use by homeowners, painters, handymen, etc.
Grade 2 Type II
250 lbs. Heavy-Duty Industrial
Designed for use by contractors in maintenance, construction and industrial applications
Grade 1 Type I
300 lbs. Extra Heavy-Duty
Designed for frequent use in maintenance, construction and industrial applications
Grade 1 Type 1A
375 lbs. Special Heavy-Duty
Designed for the most demanding industrial and construction applications
Grade 1 Type 1AA

While CSA recognizes neither the Type 1A or 1AA duty ratings, many products have been designed and tested to meet or exceed the higher ANSI Type 1A and 1AA load ratings commonly specified by industrial and trades users, in addition to retaining CSA Grade 1 certification.